Verification of the Ekman Upwelling Criterion with In Situ Temperature Measurements in the Southeastern Baltic Sea

Upwelling leads to a sharp and strong decrease in water temperature the coastal zone of southeastern Baltic Sea. The quality existing hydrodynamic models cannot fully meet requirements accurate upwelling forecasts. This study provides insight into applicability simplified Ekman criterion method for is ratio vertical velocity duration wind mixed layer density. was determined by divergence integral transport transverse direction. Calculation based on data from NCEP/CFSR reanalysis. compared with situ temperatures direct measurements near D-6 oil platform taken 2015–2017. Only 46% calculated cases were confirmed decreases sub-surface. It found that more than half caused northern (Ekman upwelling), when exceeded threshold value. Comparison model results shows model’s far perfect, methods can be used as alternatives models. Some recommendations made future research.